What is a computer?


Computer: A computer is a standard purpose machine, usually made up of digital circuits, that receives (input), stores, uses, and generates (output) data such as numbers, text, graphics, voice, video files, or electronic signals, in accordance with system instructions.


Full form of Computer:

C – Commonly

O – Operated

M – Machine

P – Particularly

U – Used for

T – Technical

E- Education

R – Research


Computer - Introduction

A computer is a device that can receive and process data. However, all computers have several components in common: Input devices allow data and instructions on a computer (Mouse, keyboard, etc.) Command and data storage memory. Central Processing Unit that manages its operations. Monitoring Process details about the output state.

Computer Components

Any type of computer contains HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE.

Hardware:

Computer hardware is a collection of material that makes up a computer program. Computer hardware refers to body parts or computer components such as monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD) system unit (graphics cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. which are tangible objects that can be touched.


Software

Software, known as programs or applications, contains all the instructions that tell Hardware how to do the job. Software, instructions that tell a computer what to do. The software contains an entire set of programs, processes, and routes associated with the operation of a computer program. ... A set of commands that guide computer hardware to perform a task is called a program, or software program.


software programs in two main categories:

System software:

It helps to use the computer and the computer program itself. System software includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools and more. System software is always installed first on your computer.


Application software:

Allows users to accomplish one or more tasks. It includes word processing, web browsing and almost any other software that you can install on the software. (Some application software is pre-installed in most computer programs.)



 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is considered a computer brain. CPU performs all types of data processing. Saves data, intermediate results, and commands (system). Controls the performance of all computer components. The CPU itself has the following three components.

1.Memory or Storage

2.Control Unit

3.ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)


1.Memory or Storage

It keeps all the details and instructions needed for processing. Maintains moderate results. It saves the final processing results before these results are released to the output device.


2.Control Unit

It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and commands between other computer units. Manages and directs all computer units. Receives commands from memory, interprets, and directs computer operations. It communicates with input / output devices for data transfer or results from storage.


3.ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

This unit consists of two subsections namely,

1.Arithmetic Section

2.Logic Section

Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as comparing, selecting, matching, and merging of data.